Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within the ovaries. They are quite common, especially during a womanβs reproductive years. While many ovarian cysts are benign and may resolve on their own, some require medical intervention. This page will explore the different types of ovarian cysts and the surgical procedure known as ovarian cystectomy, which is used to remove problematic or symptomatic cysts. I perform laparoscopic and open ovarian cystectomies in Miami, Florida.
If you have an ovarian cyst and would like to discuss your ovarian cystectomy options with Dr. Sanchez, do not hesitate to send her an email or make an appointment.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
- Functional Cysts
- Follicular Cysts: These are the most common type of ovarian cysts, forming during the menstrual cycle when a follicle fails to release an egg and continues to grow.
- Corpus Luteum Cysts: After the follicle releases an egg, it transforms into the corpus luteum, which can sometimes fill with fluid and form a cyst. These typically resolve on their own within a few weeks. These supply progesterone to sustain a pregnancy until the placenta forms.
- Dermoid Cysts (Mature Cystic Teratomas)
- Description: These cysts are composed of various types of tissues, such as hair, skin, and teeth, because they develop from cells that can produce different kinds of tissues. At times they can be found on both ovaries simultaneously.
- Symptoms: They are usually benign but can become large and cause pain or ovarian torsion (twisting of the ovary).
- Endometriomas
- Description: These cysts develop due to endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
- Symptoms: They can cause significant pain, especially during menstruation, and may affect fertility.
- Cystadenomas
- Description: These cysts form from cells on the outer surface of the ovary and can be filled with a watery or mucous substance.
- Symptoms: They can become very large and cause abdominal discomfort or bloating.
- Polycystic ovaries
- Description: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have multiple small “cysts” on their ovaries due to hormonal imbalance. The cysts are actually the ovules, or eggs, and not actually cysts.
- Symptoms: PCOS is associated with irregular menstrual periods, infertility, acne, and excess hair growth.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Ovarian cysts often do not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during a routine pelvic exam or imaging study. However, some cysts can cause:
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Bloating or swelling
- Pain during intercourse
- Menstrual irregularities
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of pelvic exams, ultrasounds, and sometimes blood tests to evaluate hormone levels or check for cancer markers in cases of complex or suspicious cysts.
Types of Ovarian Cystectomy Procedures
- Laparoscopic/Robotic Ovarian Cystectomy
- Procedure: This minimally invasive surgery involves making small incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted to remove the cyst.
- Advantages: Less pain, quicker recovery, and smaller scars compared to open surgery.
- Suitability: Ideal for smaller, benign cysts.
- Laparotomy
- Procedure: Involves a larger abdominal incision to remove the cyst. This approach is used when the cyst is very large or there is suspicion of cancer.
- Advantages: Provides a better view of the pelvic organs and allows for the removal of larger cysts.
- Suitability: Used for larger, complex, or potentially malignant cysts.
Decision-Making and Recovery
Choosing the appropriate surgical approach depends on several factors, including the size and type of cyst, the patientβs symptoms, age, and desire for future fertility. A thorough discussion with your healthcare provider is essential to determine the best treatment plan.
Ovarian Cystectomy Recovery: Recovery times vary based on the type of surgery. Laparoscopic cystectomy typically involves a shorter recovery period (about 1-2 weeks) compared to laparotomy (about 4-6 weeks). In my practice, laparoscopic surgeries are same-day (you go home after the procedure), and abdominal cystectomies have a 1-2 day admission. During recovery, it’s important to follow your doctor’s advice on rest, activity restrictions, and follow-up care.
Conclusion
Ovarian cysts are a common gynecological issue, and while many are harmless, some can cause significant symptoms and require surgical removal. Understanding the different types of ovarian cysts and the surgical options available for their treatment can help women make informed decisions about their health. If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns about ovarian cysts, consult with your healthcare provider to discuss the best treatment plan tailored to your individual needs.
About the author: Dr. Sanchez is a Board Certified Obstetrician Gynecologist and Menopause Society Certified Practitioner. If you are looking for a new Ob/Gyn in Miami to talk to about ovarian cystectomy and other surgeries, you can always make an appointment byΒ calling the clinicΒ orΒ booking online. Dr. Sanchez explores this and other subjects onΒ her Instagram, so make sure to follow along!
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